The Immigration Index

In an increasingly interconnected world, immigration continues to offer a life-changing opportunity for millions seeking a better quality of life, safety, or more promising career prospects. According to the most recent statistics [1] there are around 281 million international migrants in the world - equivalent to 3.6% of the world’s population.

For many, the decision to move abroad is driven not only by personal aspirations but also by the ability to send money home, supporting family and communities in their countries of origin. But with so many incredible countries out there waiting to be explored, how do prospective immigrants decide where to start anew?

Enter, the first-ever edition of our Immigration Index - a report that ranks 82 countries around the world on 24 important factors to consider when moving to a new country, offering each nation a comprehensive score out of 100 to rank their overall immigration appeal. We’ve taken a deep dive into the data to help prospective immigrants and expats make informed decisions about where they might want to settle in 2025 and beyond.

From healthcare quality, economic strength, and safety metrics, to digital connectivity and suitability for families - we’ve analysed thousands of data points to reveal which countries are the best for those seeking a better quality of life abroad.

Ready to explore the best countries to relocate to in 2025? Let's dive in.

What the report covers:

Top countries for immigrants to move to in 2025
Most connected countries
Countries with the best healthcare
Most economically strong countries
Most environmentally-friendly countries
Countries with the biggest migrant communities
Most family-friendly countries
Nations with the lowest unemployment rates
Countries with the greatest salary opportunities
Safest countries for migrants
Happiest countries
Countries with the best public transport
Where you can get the easiest access to banking
Countries where it costs most to live

Key findings from The Immigration Index:

We’ve analyzed 24 key immigration factors - from economic stability and safety, to access to banking and migrant communities - in 82 countries to reveal the best places to move to in 2025.

Iceland, Switzerland, and Luxembourg top the list of best places for immigrants to move to, and Norway and the United Arab Emirates make up the top five.
Australia and the United States also make the top ten best countries for prospective migrants to consider.
The United Kingdom ranks in 19th with a score of 46.5, across 24 factors that impact immigrant life.

The top countries for immigrants to move to in 2025

Rank	Country	Total Immigration Index score (out of 100)
1	Iceland	58.4
2	Switzerland	55.8
3	Luxembourg	55.7
4	Norway	53.7
5	United Arab Emirates	52.5
6	Ireland	52.4
7	United States	52.2
8	Denmark	52.0
9	Netherlands	52.0
10	Australia	51.7
11	Germany	50.2
12	Finland	49.6
13	Singapore	49.3
14	Sweden	49.0
15	Canada	48.5
16	Austria	48.2
17	Belgium	47.1
18	Japan	46.7
19	United Kingdom	46.5
20	New Zealand	46.5
21	Spain	45.8
22	Thailand	45.2
23	France	45.0
24	South Korea	44.5
25	Slovenia	44.0
26	Estonia	44.0
27	Poland	42.1
28	Portugal	42.0
29	Saudi Arabia	41.6
30	Italy	41.0
31	Lithuania	40.6
32	Kuwait	40.1
33	Hungary	40.1
34	Cyprus	40.0
35	Romania	39.7
36	Croatia	39.4
37	Latvia	38.8
38	Greece	38.3
39	Bulgaria	38.2
40	Oman	36.2
41	China	36.1
42	Kazakhstan	35.9
43	Serbia	35.8
44	Malta	35.7
45	Uruguay	35.6
46	Azerbaijan	35.6
47	Indonesia	35.3
48	Philippines	35.2
49	Moldova	35.1
50	Uzbekistan	35.0
51	Malaysia	34.9
52	Mexico	34.3
53	Bosnia and Herzegovina	34.3
54	Algeria	34.3
55	Costa Rica	34.2
56	Sri Lanka	33.9
57	Panama	33.8
58	Georgia	33.5
59	Brazil	33.1
60	Ecuador	32.8
61	Armenia	32.6
62	Albania	32.6
63	North Macedonia	32.5
64	Tunisia	32.4
65	Chile	32.2
66	Jordan	32.2
67	Guatemala	31.8
68	Bangladesh	31.5
69	Cuba	31.1
70	Bolivia	31.1
71	Colombia	31.1
72	Pakistan	30.9
73	Argentina	30.8
74	Dominican Republic	30.7
75	India	30.5
76	Nepal	30.4
77	Peru	30.1
78	Morocco	29.2
79	South Africa	29.0
80	Kenya	27.7
81	Nigeria	27.7
82	Iraq	26.0

Iceland - 58.4 out of 100

Known for its glistening waters and breathtaking northern lights, the Nordic country isn't just a winter escape - according to our data Iceland is the best country for immigrants to consider making the move to in 2025 and beyond. Scoring highly for its access to banking, happiness levels, connectivity and safety levels, Iceland has way more to offer than its enchanting natural beauty.

For those that are open to adjusting to colder climates, where the average temperatures in winter rarely rise above 32°F/0°C, it’s the perfect destination for relocating, with the country offering some of the highest minimum wage rates and annual salaries globally (though, this is counterbalanced with the high cost of living in the nation). Here, rent will set you back around $1,472 per month, and the average cost of a meal is more costly than most other countries analyzed.

Iceland also has one of the highest scores of all countries analyzed for environmental metrics. The country is well-known for promoting climate action and utilizes its own natural energy, such as its geothermal and hydropower sources to power electricity - an important factor for individuals passionate about safeguarding and restoring the planet.

Switzerland - 55.8 out of 100

Home to some of the best salaries and incomes in the world, Switzerland is in second spot on our list, with an Immigration Index score of 55.8 out of 100. Scenic beauty and economic stability are plentiful here and migrants living in the country can expect generous salaries, with the average annual income equalling just over $95,000. [2]

Newcomers can expect a fresh, friendly feel when relocating to the mountainous country, which has particularly high safety and happiness scores. Many flock to Switzerland due to its high quality of life and opportunities for work, while its impressive natural beauty adds a further compelling reason to consider moving here.

Transport links here are like no other, with lots of commutes taken by train journeys through the stunning alpine landscapes. Switzerland scored highly for its public transport costs, and the country also had a high score for public transport availability and accessibility - living up to its famous reputation for punctual transport services.

Luxembourg - 55.7 out of 100

Ranking in the third spot on our list is Luxembourg, with an Immigration Index score of 55.7 out of 100. Located in the heart of Europe, Luxembourg’s friendliness and charm has long made it a destination worth visiting, but with high scores for economic strength and overall happiness levels, it's clear that the country could be an ideal choice for those looking for a great quality of life.

Luxembourg is also renowned for its public transport connections, scoring particularly highly on the public transport metric in comparison to all other countries analyzed. In 2020, the country announced that all public transportation would be completely free, making it the first country in the world to do so. This includes free travel for residents and visitors on trains, trams, buses, and even the funicular railway - all aboard!

Luxembourg also has a strong safety score, with generally low crime rates and a fierce reputation for being one of the safest countries in the world - making it an ideal consideration for solo migrants looking to move somewhere on their own.

Norway - 53.7 out of 100

Famed for its majestic fjords, Norway ranks in fourth position as one of the most desirable destinations for immigrants in 2025, scoring 53.7 out of 100. Scoring impressively for overall safety, happiness levels, and public transport availability, Norway offers a high quality of living for those who don’t mind the dark winters in the nation.

The country excels in income equality and boasts one of the highest minimum annual wages globally, alongside an average income exceeding $102,000. While the cost of living can also be steep, Norway’s robust welfare system, exceptional healthcare, and emphasis on renewable energy make it an attractive option for those seeking a high quality of life and sustainability-minded living.

A view of houses in Norway with mountains in the back

United Arab Emirates - 52.5 out of 100

Rounding off the top five is the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a nation known for offering incredible opportunities for expats around the world. Ranking exceptionally highly for its migrant population percentage and public transport availability, the UAE offers a welcoming and well-connected environment for newcomers.

Economic opportunities are abundant in the UAE, with annual salaries averaging $53,290 and a thriving job market bolstered by notably low unemployment rates. Furthermore, its cosmopolitan cities such as Dubai and Abu Dhabi are hubs of innovation and culture, where safety and accessibility are prioritized. Although the cost of childcare and some living expenses are high, the UAE’s rapid growth, vibrant lifestyle, and tax-free salaries make it a magnet for ambitious individuals and families alike.

For those who have already made the leap, be sure to use Remitly to send money from the UAE.

A view of a city skyline in the United Arab Emirates

The world’s top 10 countries with the best connectivity

Leading the way with the strongest broadband is our overall top nation Iceland, with average broadband speeds of 279.6 Mbps - the equivalent of downloading a 5GB movie in less than two and a half minutes! Also ranking in the top ten are Denmark and the Netherlands, while the United States and Canada also report rapid internet speeds, allowing migrants to download and watch their favorite online content in under five minutes.

Boasting the world’s fastest broadband speeds, these nations are ideal for keeping migrants connected - whether it’s catching up with family over video calls; connecting with colleagues or clients while remote working; or relaxing with gaming and binge-worthy shows.

The countries with the best healthcare

We want our health to be looked after wherever we are in the world, and the luxury of a good healthcare system is one that needs to be researched carefully when relocating, especially if you have specific health conditions or vulnerabilities. A robust healthcare system can provide peace of mind and security, making it a critical factor in deciding where to relocate.

So, which countries rank highest for healthcare? We analyzed two key factors to provide insight: current health expenditure (the percentage of GDP each nation dedicates to healthcare) and a healthcare system score derived from CEOWorld’s Healthcare Index. [3] The index evaluates countries on three aspects: the availability and cost of medicine, government preparedness, and the strength of medical infrastructure and professionals.

South Korea takes the top spot with a healthcare score of 56.2 in our Immigration Index, excelling in infrastructure, government readiness, and cost-effective medicine availability. Close behind is Australia, scoring a total of 54.5 out of 100 for healthcare factors, thanks to a high healthcare index score and GDP expenditure of 10.5%.

Canada ranks third, investing 12.3% of its GDP in healthcare - the third highest among the top ten behind the United States and Germany. In Europe, Sweden and Germany excel, with Sweden offering an excellent balance of high health expenditure (11.3% of GDP) and a healthcare system score of 70.7, while Germany leads in health investment, dedicating 12.9% of its GDP to healthcare. The United States, while spending the highest percentage of GDP on healthcare at 17.4%, ranks lower on healthcare system effectiveness with a score of 56.7, highlighting that spending alone does not guarantee the best care for residents.

The countries with the biggest migrant communities

When moving to a new country, finding a community of people who understand the challenges you might be facing can help with settling in. For this reason, we considered which countries had bigger migrant communities. Naturally, not all countries have immigrants from the same parts of the world, but it can be useful for getting tips on handling immigration processes and what to expect when settling in to a new country.

The United Arab Emirates had the highest migrant community score, with the largest percentage of the population as migrants (88%) of any other country. The UAE is renowned for being a hotspot for expats, drawing in newcomers from all over the world with its fantastic job opportunities and warm weather year-round.

The country with the second highest migrant community score is the United States, despite only 14% of its population being formed of migrants, the US has a total of over 50 million migrants in the country. In third place is Kuwait, where the majority (73%) of the nation’s population is made up of international migrants.

Among some of the countries with the lowest immigration community scores were Morocco, Sri Lanka, and Cuba. Nonetheless, these are countries rich in heritage and culture, still offering a warm welcome and a sense of belonging in their own right.

The most family-friendly countries

Deciding on a new country to call home can be an even bigger decision when you have a family to consider, and so within our analysis, we also wanted to explore the best countries for families to relocate to, based on two factors. Firstly, we looked at the quality and accessibility of education in each nation, using an education statistics score from Radboud University which represents: the average years of schooling adults have completed and the expected years of schooling children can anticipate in each country. [3] We also looked at the cost of childcare per year to score each nation on how family-friendly they are.

Topping the list is Sri Lanka, which boasts an impressive education system score paired with incredibly low annual childcare costs of just $354.60 per annum, making it a highly family-friendly destination with an overall family score of 88 out of 100. Sweden secures second place with an impressive education score and moderate childcare costs of $1,664.30 annually. Norway follows closely in third, showcasing a robust education system, though with higher childcare costs of $3,559.60.

New Zealand and Iceland round out the top five, delivering strong educational outcomes, albeit at higher childcare costs of $9,347.40 and $5,568.90, respectively. Similarly, countries like Germany and Finland are highly regarded for their educational systems and remain popular choices, despite childcare costs of $5,347.40 and $3,948.10 per year.

While countries such as Denmark, Australia, and the United States rank lower in the top ten due to higher childcare expenses, they continue to appeal to families who prioritize access to excellent education and other amenities.

The happiest countries in 2025

True happiness may be subjective, but there are certainly some indicators that a destination might bring on a bigger joy factor - a high quality of life, strong social support systems, a good work-life balance, perhaps? To find out the happiest countries around the world, we analyzed scores from the 2024 World Happiness Report - an annual report produced by the Wellbeing Research Centre at the University of Oxford. [4] The report uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to measure a country’s happiness, analyzing six key factors for each country: GDP per capita, social support, freedom, generosity, healthy life expectancy, and corruption.

The happiest country in the world? It’s Finland of course, with an ultra-high happiness score of 7.7 out of 10. Finnish happiness has been beaming the brightest for years now, with the country revealed as the happiest nation in the world for seven consecutive years, since 2018. Nordic neighbors Denmark and Iceland follow in second and third spots, with Europe dominating much of the top ten, with Sweden, the Netherlands, Norway, Luxembourg, and Switzerland all ranking as places immigrants should consider for a happier life. Beyond Europe, Oceania makes its mark with Australia and New Zealand, boasting happiness scores of 7.1 and 7 out of 10 respectively, making them excellent options for those seeking sunnier shores and happier lives.

Top 10 happiest countries in the world

Rank	Country	World happiness score	Total happiness score (out of 100)
1	Finland	7.7	100.0
2	Denmark	7.6	98.0
3	Iceland	7.5	97.2
4	Sweden	7.3	94.9
5	Netherlands	7.3	94.5
6	Norway	7.3	94.3
7	Luxembourg	7.1	92.0
8	Australia	7.1	91.2
9	Switzerland	7.1	91.2
10	New Zealand	7.0	90.8

The countries with the best public transport

Being able to navigate around a new country with ease, and in an affordable or budget-friendly way is an important factor that can affect how easily migrants settle into their new homes. To evaluate each nation’s public transport systems, we analyzed two key factors: accessibility and cost. Accessibility was measured using data on the percentage of urban populations within a walkable distance (500–1,000 meters) of a public transport stop. This was then combined with the cost of a one-way ticket to create an overall score.

Luxembourg undoubtedly steals the title as the country with the best public transport system, offering free travel across the entire country and serving 97.4% of the population with easily accessible options. However, many other nations provide efficient and enjoyable transit networks for those looking to explore and settle comfortably. Poland and Hungary lead the way when it comes to accessibility with 92.5% and 92.3% of each country’s respective populations being within close reach of a transport link, while Azerbaijan and Cuba follow Luxembourg as providing some of the cheapest transport options in the world.

The countries with the easiest access to banking

Access to banking services is a crucial factor for immigrants when settling into a new country, providing financial stability and the ability to manage their finances quickly and effectively. To determine which countries offer the most accessible banking systems for new residents, we analyzed two key factors: the time it takes to open a bank account (in days) and the number of documents required for account opening.

Our analysis reveals that Thailand leads the way in banking accessibility with a total score of 87.5 out of 100, offering a swift account opening process of just two days and requiring only four documents. Guatemala follows closely in second place, scoring 83.3, with a three-day account opening timeframe and a minimal requirement of three documents. South Korea rounds out the top three with a score of 75, matching Thailand’s speedy two-day process but requiring six documents to open up an account.

Other countries in the top ten include the United States in the fourth spot, Spain, South Africa, and Australia, all offering relatively quick account opening times and reasonable document requirements.

The countries with the highest cost of living

The cost of living around the world is higher than ever before, and therefore is another crucial factor prospective immigrants should consider, as it can significantly impact one's quality of life and financial stability. To show what the cost of living looks like in countries around the world, we analyzed four key factors: purchasing power (the amount of products and services available for purchase with a certain currency unit), mortgage costs as a percentage of income, average rent compared to average salary, and the average cost of a meal in restaurants (per person, per meal). These factors were analyzed to provide insight into the overall affordability of daily life in different countries.

Bangladesh emerges as the country with the lowest cost of living, scoring a total cost of living score of 56.3 out of 100 in our analysis. Despite its relatively low purchasing power (12.5), Bangladesh offers remarkably affordable food costs, with an average restaurant meal priced at just $1.7 per meal. Saudi Arabia and Pakistan tie for second place, each with a total score of 47.1, each offering unique advantages. Saudi Arabia boasts higher purchasing power (70.4) and lower mortgage costs (23.7% of income), while Pakistan provides more affordable rent relative to the average salary. The United Arab Emirates ranks in fourth position, offering the third-highest purchasing power (92.1) of countries featured in the top ten, however, expats moving to the nation should expect high rent costs if this isn’t subsidized or included with their compensation package.

Surprisingly, the United States makes the top five, with the highest purchasing power score, but also the highest food costs ($20 per meal) amongst the leading countries. Norway, while having the highest purchasing power, ranks seventh due to higher living costs across all categories.

The countries with the lowest unemployment

A low unemployment rate can indicate a robust job market and economic stability, making it an essential consideration for those looking to relocate. With this in mind, and to determine which countries offer the best employment prospects, we analyzed unemployment rates as a percentage of the total labor force.

Thailand emerges as the clear leader in employment opportunities, boasting an impressively low unemployment rate of just 0.9% and scoring a perfect 100 total employment score. Cuba follows closely in second place with a 1.2% unemployment rate and a score of 78.5. Oman secures the third spot with a 1.5% unemployment rate and a score of 62.5.

The low unemployment rates in each country suggest a strong job market, offering immigrants better chances of finding employment and achieving financial stability in their new home nation. However, it's important to note that low unemployment rates should be considered alongside other factors such as job quality, wage levels, and overall economic conditions when making relocation decisions.

The countries with the greatest earning potential

When considering a move abroad, financial prospects often play a crucial role in the decision-making process, with a high salary allowing people to fund a high quality of life in the new country they’re living in, or even send money back home to support loved ones. While it’s important to note that many of the countries with earning potential also come with a higher cost of living, the top ten shines a light on the countries where people can earn solid incomes to support themselves and their families. To help prospective immigrants identify the countries with the most promising earning potential, we examined three economic indicators: income inequality levels, the minimum annual wage in each country, and the average annual income.

Switzerland emerges as the frontrunner for earning potential, achieving an impressive score of 88.3 out of 100. The country offers an enticing combination of a high minimum annual wage ($59,280) and substantial average yearly income ($95,160) according to the OECD, [5] despite a moderate income inequality level of 33.7.

Iceland secures second position with a score of 75.9, boasting the lowest income inequality (26.1) among the top contenders and a robust average annual income of $79,840. Luxembourg completes the top three with a score of 71.6, providing a competitive minimum wage of $32,103 and the second-highest average annual income of $88,370. Interestingly, Norway, which ranks in 8th spot, does not have a statutory minimum wage but does have a high average income of $102,460.

The safest countries

With safety being an obvious consideration for anyone looking to move somewhere new, we analyzed Numbeo’s Safety Index to reveal the destinations where people feel safest in day-to-day life. [6]

The United Arab Emirates emerges as the safest country for immigrants, with a Safety Index score of 84.4. This Middle Eastern nation has established itself as a haven of security, helped by its strict laws and advanced surveillance systems. Closely following is Oman, with a safety score of 81.8, reinforcing the region's reputation for prioritizing public safety.

Armenia ranks in third spot, while Japan and Singapore round out the top five, with scores of 77.3 and 77.0 respectively, both renowned for their low crime rates and efficient law enforcement.

Top 10 safest countries

Rank	Country	Safety index score	Total safety score (out of 100)
1	United Arab Emirates	84.4	100.0
2	Oman	81.8	96.9
3	Armenia	77.8	92.2
4	Japan	77.3	91.6
5	Singapore	77.0	91.2
6	Slovenia	76.4	90.5
7	Estonia	76.4	90.5
8	Saudi Arabia	76.1	90.2
9	China	75.6	89.6
10	South Korea	75.2	89.1

The countries with the strongest economies

To assess the economic prowess of different countries, we analyzed their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita from the World Bank, a key indicator of economic health and standard of living. [7] GDP per capita represents the total economic output of a country divided by its population, providing insight into the affluence of its residents.

Luxembourg emerges as the clear economic leader with a GDP per capita of $128,259. This small European nation's impressive figure reflects its highly developed financial services sector and robust international trade. Ireland follows in second place with a GDP per capita of $103,685 and an economy score of 80.8, benefiting from its attractive business environment and strong technology sector. Switzerland rounds out the top three with a GDP per capita of $99,995 and a score of 78.0, known for its stable economy, high-value industries, and financial services.

Top 10 countries with highest GDP per capita

Rank	Country	GDP per capita ($)	Total economy score (out of 100)
1	Luxembourg	$128,259	100.0
2	Ireland	$103,685	80.8
3	Switzerland	$99,995	78.0
4	Norway	$87,962	68.6
5	Singapore	$84,734	66.1
6	United States	$81,695	63.7
7	Iceland	$78,811	61.4
8	Denmark	$67,967	53.0
9	Australia	$64,712	50.5
10	Netherlands	$62,537	48.8

The most environmentally friendly countries

In 2025, environmental friendliness is increasingly becoming a priority for immigrants choosing a new country to call home. To determine which nations are leading the way when it comes to climate crisis preparedness, we looked at two key data points: the Environmental Performance Index (or EPI, a report developed by Yale and Columbia Universities which scores countries on various environmental health indicators), [8] and air pollution levels, as measured by particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration. [9]

Iceland emerges as the clear environmental leader with a score of 92.7 out of 100, boasting impressively low air pollution levels of 2.1 μg/m3 and a solid EPI score of 64.3. New Zealand follows in second spot, scoring 77.8 overall in our index scoring system, thanks to its particularly low air pollution levels (2.7 μg/m3). Nordic countries dominate the top rankings, with Finland, Norway and Sweden featuring in the top ten, highlighting the region's commitment to environmental protection. Meanwhile, the United Kingdom ranks in the tenth spot - the only category throughout our analysis in which it’s ranked in the top ten.

Ryan Riley, VP Marketing for EMEA and APAC, at Remitly:

“At Remitly, we understand the complexities involved and the sheer number of things to consider when making the decision to relocate to a new country. We’re extremely excited to be sharing the first edition of our Immigration Index which we hope, by highlighting key factors to consider when moving abroad, such as healthcare quality, economic strength, safety, and more, will help those looking to move abroad to make an informed decision.

That being said, while Iceland, Switzerland, and Luxembourg top our list, it's important to remember that the ‘best’ country for any prospective immigrant depends on their unique circumstances and priorities. Our data provides a good starting point, but we encourage people to delve deeper into the specific aspects of immigrant life that matter most to them and research the logistics thoroughly before making the move.

This includes researching visa requirements, job markets, cost of living, education systems, and social integration opportunities in potential destinations. By carefully considering all facets of immigrant life and aligning them with your personal goals, you can make a confident choice about where to start a happy and healthy life in a new country.”

For more information on what to consider when making the move to a new country, visit our blog which contains handy insights on everything from visa guidance to money guides.

A picture of Ryan Riley, VP Marketing for EMEA and APAC regions at Remitly, presenting

Methodology

Data analysts on behalf of Remitly collected insights on 24 factors across 13 key immigration categories from reputable international sources including the World Bank, Yale and Columbia universities, and OECD to name a few, the full list of sources can be found here. Scores were assigned using a weighted system based on each value's relative position within the range of results.

We then applied category weighting across the 13 categories, with a total possible score of 1175 points. Categories including: Connectivity and Public Transport were allocated 50 points each, while categories including: Healthcare, Environment, Migrant Community, Family, Access to Banking, Economic Strength, Employment, Safety, Cost of Living, Earning Potential and Happiness all received 100 points each across the category.

The total score out of 1175 for each country was then normalized to a 0 - 100 scale for easier comparison, and countries were ranked based on these final normalized scores. We excluded data for countries with insufficient information or ongoing conflicts that would make immigration inadvisable. All data is correct as of November 2024.

How we scored each category (to reach a total score of 1175)

Category	Score per factor in each category	Total score per category
Connectivity	50	50
Healthcare	50	100
Economic strength	100	100
Environment	50	100
Migrant community	50	100
Family (education system)	50	50
Family (childcare costs)	25	25
Employment	100	100
Salary/income	33	100
Safety	100	100
Happiness	100	100
Public transport	25	50
Access to banking	50	100
Cost of living	25	100
Total score	-	1175

Sources mentioned

[1] World Migration Report 2024 https://worldmigrationreport.iom.int/msite/wmr-2024-interactive/
[2] CEO World, ‘Countries With The Best Health Care Systems, 2024’ https://ceoworld.biz/2024/04/02/countries-with-the-best-health-care-systems-2024/
[3] Global Data Lab, ‘Education Component of SHDI’ https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/metadata/edindex/
[4] World Happiness Report 2024 https://worldhappiness.report/
[5] OECD, ‘Average annual wages’ https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/average-annual-wages.html
[6] Numbeo, ‘Crime Index by Country 2024 Mid-Year’ https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp
[7] World Bank Group, ‘GDP per capita (current US$)’ https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD
[8] Environmental Performance Index https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI
[9] The University of Chicago, ‘Air Quality Life Index’ https://aqli.epic.uchicago.edu/the-index/