Doing Business in Bulgaria 2026 Small Business Guide

Key Highlights.

• Because Bulgaria is a member of the European Union, you get direct access to a big EU market.
• Foreign entrepreneurs can own a Bulgarian company with no limits. This makes Bulgaria a good place for business from other countries.
• The company formation process is easy in Bulgaria. There are clear steps in the Bulgarian Commercial Register for registration.
• The main growth areas are technology, artificial intelligence, manufacturing, farming, and tourism.
• The country’s spot on the map is great. It acts as a bridge to the Middle East and other places.

Introduction

Are you thinking about growing your small business in Europe? By 2026, Bulgaria can be a good place for American business owners. It is a stable member of the European Union. This makes it a great spot for those who want to reach a big market. In this guide, you will see what you need for doing business in Bulgaria. You will learn about market research, company formation, and how to work in the local business world. Get set to find out more about a country with a growing economy, low costs, and a place that welcomes your next business plan.

Why Choose Bulgaria for Your Small Business in 2026?

Bulgaria’s EU membership gives your business a big edge. There is open access to a group of over 450 million people. This can help you get into the European market without facing extra trade rules that come up in other places. For foreign entrepreneurs, it is easy to set up a business structure in Bulgaria.

What does Bulgaria do to get foreign investors? The country is known for having a stable government, low day-to-day costs, and a good tax system. These things can make it a good place for anyone who wants to invest. After you do some thorough market research, you may see that there is a lot of room for growth. Many people look into sectors like technology and manufacturing and find that the chances to go up in those fields are too good to miss out on.

Economic Landscape and Business Environment

Bulgaria is a member of the European Union. It is known for having a stable and very open place for people to start a business. One of the best things about starting a company here is the 10% flat corporate income tax. This flat rate is one of the lowest in the European Union. The way that tax works here is simple and clear, so planning for money matters is much easier for any new business.

If you look at the main costs of running a business in Bulgaria, you will see they are lower than what most people find in other parts of Europe. These costs include the money needed for registration fees, getting help to prepare annual financial statements, and paying for the things you need every day to keep your company going. The government works hard to make things easy for people who want to invest or start with new business activities.

The country shows slow and steady growth in its economy. It also keeps working to fit better with the wider European market. This makes Bulgaria a good place to start if you want to set up a small business. The stable market, low costs, and good rules about taxes give people a strong start for growth and success.

Strategic Location within the EU and Eurozone Readiness

Bulgaria’s spot in Southeast Europe helps with business chances. The country sits right between Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. This makes it a great place for moving things and doing business. Companies can reach the EU with ease. It also helps with getting into other markets, like the Middle East and Asia.

Bulgaria is part of the European Union. This means trade with other countries in the EU is easy and smooth. Now, the country is working to join the Eurozone. When it does, this will make money deals even easier, and there will be no worry about changing money for those working in the EU. This change will make Bulgaria a better pick for people and companies looking to work in a safe place in Europe.

Here are some top things about its location:

• There is direct access to the big European Union market.
• It is close to the Middle East and North Africa, which are important markets.

The International Trade Administration says Bulgaria’s growing market keeps bringing in American companies. The country’s place on the map is a big reason for its business strength. Bulgaria gives people a way to reach more places and grow their work.

Incentives for Foreign Investors

Bulgaria is one of the best places in Europe for foreign investors because of its tax system. The biggest thing that stands out is the 10% flat corporate tax rate. No matter how big or small your business is, this same tax rate is for all business profits. The tax rate is low, so it helps you plan better and keep more of your money.

What else does Bulgaria give to help foreign investors? There is more than just a low corporate income tax. Bulgaria has made a lot of double tax treaties with many countries, including the United States. This means your business does not have to pay taxes on the same income twice. It makes it easier to know how much you owe and helps a lot when you work outside your home country.

All these things help foreign entrepreneurs start and run their businesses in a better way. Here are some big tax benefits:

• A simple 10% flat corporate tax rate.
• A 10% flat personal income tax.
• A broad network of double tax treaties to avoid double taxation.

With this kind of tax policy, it is clear that Bulgaria wants to attract and keep foreign investors.

Legal Foundations for Starting a Business in Bulgaria

Getting to know the legal framework is the first thing you need to do before you start a business in Bulgaria. The legal system in Bulgaria uses civil law rules. It matches up fully with european union laws. This match makes sure the rules are up-to-date, clear, and not hard to follow. It gives a good path for foreign investors.

Bulgarian law shows a clear way for things like business, property rights, and contracts. The court system might be slow at times. But the legal needs for opening a business are not hard to understand. In the next sections, you will see the main legal steps, like how to register your business and the rules for owning it.

Essential Legal Requirements for U.S. Entrepreneurs

For people from the United States who want to start a company in Bulgaria, the rules are pretty easy to follow. There are no rules that make things hard just for citizens of the United States. Bulgarian legislation gives foreign entrepreneurs from outside the EU the same chances as business owners from Bulgaria and the rest of the EU. This makes sure everyone has a fair shot.

If you are looking to start a company in Bulgaria while staying in your country, you need to prepare a few key documents. If you will not be there in person, you will have to use a power of attorney. This gives a lawyer or some other trusted person in Bulgaria the power to act for you. The lawyer or agent can sign papers and send them to the official government organization on your behalf.

With the power of attorney, you can get your company up and running in Bulgaria without being there. Your local representative will take care of everything so that all steps are done right under Bulgarian law. This way of using a power of attorney is trusted by many foreign investors and makes it easy and safe for foreign entrepreneurs to become business owners in Bulgaria.

Business Registration Procedures and Compliance

The company registration process in Bulgaria is simple and managed by the Bulgarian Commercial Register. This is an electronic system, so it helps to make things clear and easy. To start, you need to pick a unique company name and create the basic company papers.

What steps do you take to open a company in Bulgaria? You need an important paper called the Articles of Association. This paper has details about how the business is run, what the business will do, and other key company rules. After you write and sign these documents, you must turn them in to the Bulgarian Commercial Register so they can look at them.

The company registration steps are:

• Reserving a one-of-a-kind company name.
• Drafting and signing the Articles of Association.
• Sending the full set of documents to the Bulgarian Commercial Register.

When your application is checked and passed, your company will be added to the register. Your business will get an identification code so you can start working legally.

Ownership Rights and Foreign Participation Rules

There are no rules that stop foreigners from owning businesses in Bulgaria. Bulgarian law lets foreign entrepreneurs own 100% of a Bulgarian company. You do not need to have a local partner. You can make all your own business choices and keep full control of your assets.

This rule is true for most types of business. Foreign nationals from both EU and non-EU countries can set up and own a bulgarian company, just like any citizen of Bulgaria. This rule is one reason many people around the world want to invest here. It gives them full control over what they do.

A limited liability company, called OOD or EOOD in Bulgaria, is very popular. These give you protection for your personal assets. The liability of the shareholders is only for their capital contribution to the company. This means your own money and things you own are kept safe from business debts. So, you get peace of mind about starting a new bulgarian company.

Choosing the Right Business Structure in Bulgaria

Choosing the right business structure is a key step when you start working in Bulgaria. The type of company you set up will affect your tax payments, how much you are responsible for, and what you need to do to keep your company legal. There are a few options that bulgarian law gives you, and each one fits different goals and company sizes.

What kinds of business types can you start in Bulgaria? Most foreign investors go with limited liability companies (OOD/EOOD). These types are flexible and help protect your personal assets. But you can pick other types too, like a general partnership or a joint-stock company. Here are the most common choices. This should help you decide what will work best for you.

Overview of Most Common Business Entities

Bulgaria offers a variety of business entities, but a few stand out for their popularity among foreign investors. The most common choice by far is the limited liability company, which comes in two forms: OOD (for multiple shareholders) and EOOD (for a single shareholder). This structure is favored for its low minimum capital and simple management.

For larger operations, a joint-stock company (AD) is a suitable option, especially if you plan to raise capital through the public sale of shares. Other possibilities include establishing a branch office of your existing foreign company or a trade representative office, which can perform non-commercial activities like marketing and coordination.

What types of business entities can I register in Bulgaria? Here is a quick comparison of the most common structures:

Entity Type	Best For	Key Feature
Limited Liability Company (OOD/EOOD)	Small to medium-sized businesses	Liability is limited to share capital.
Joint-Stock Company (AD)	Large enterprises, public companies	Can be listed on the stock exchange.
Branch Office	Extending a foreign company’s operations	Not a separate legal entity.
Trade Representative Office	Market research and representation	Cannot conduct commercial activities.

Limited Liability Companies (OOD, EOOD) Explained

The limited liability company is the top business structure in Bulgaria for a reason. It gives important safety, and the personal assets of the owners are not at risk. An OOD (Дружество с ограничена отговорност) is a limited liability company with more than one owner. An EOOD (Еднолично дружество с ограничена отговорност) is for only one owner.

There are good benefits to starting a limited liability company in Bulgaria. One big plus is the low minimum share capital. To open an EOOD or OOD, you just need 2 BGN (about 1 EUR). This makes it easy for business owners or people with new ideas to get started without a lot of money.

Every shareholder’s risk is only up to what they put into the company’s share capital. That means their own money stays safe if the business runs into problems. Having limited liability and needing only a small amount of money to start makes OOD and EOOD good options for foreign entrepreneurs. It helps more people in the Bulgarian market protect their personal assets while using a simple business structure.

Step-by-Step Guide to Company Formation in Bulgaria

Are you ready to start your business in Bulgaria? The company formation process is easy to follow and has a few main steps. You start by making some important choices and getting your documents ready. After that, you finish everything by getting your company listed in the Bulgarian Commercial Register. This step-by-step way helps make sure that you follow all the rules with the law and money.

So, what are the main things you have to do to open your company in Bulgaria? First, you need to pick and save a name that is only for your company. Next, you have to get your founding papers ready. You will then need to open a bank account so you can put the starting money in there. Last, you give your application to the Bulgarian Commercial Register. The next parts will show these key stages, so you know what to do from start to finish.

Reserving a Company Name and Document Preparation

The very first step to set up your Bulgarian company is to choose a company name that is special and not the same as any other in the Commercial Register. The name should not be tricky or like another that is already in use. It is smart to have more than one company name in mind in case your first pick is gone.

When your company name gets checked and is fine, you must make the main legal papers. The most important one is the Articles of Association. This is like a rulebook for your Bulgarian company. It explains how your business will run, the way it will be managed, what you do, and the money in the company. You need to make sure you write this document well so it fits with Bulgarian law. Do not send your sensitive information anywhere except an official or safe place.

The key documents you must prepare are:

• An application for company name reservation.
• The manager’s agreement paper and a sample of their signature, which has to be signed in front of a notary.
• The Articles of Association for the company, signed by all founders.

These papers are the first things you need for your company registration. You have to send them to an official government organization so the process can start.

Banking, Capital Deposit, and Notary Procedures

To take care of your capital deposit and bank account in Bulgaria, you will first need to get your founding documents ready. After this, you can open a capital deposit bank account. This type of account is set up for your business to put in its starting share capital. Most Bulgarian banks know all about this process and are able to help you.

You must put in the share capital amount you listed in your Articles of Association. The legal minimum capital requirement for an LLC is only 2 BGN (around €1). But you need to deposit the full amount you have stated. The bank will give you a certificate to show that your deposit is complete. You need this certificate when you put in your registration application for the Commercial Register.

Here are the usual steps you will follow:

• Choosing one Bulgarian bank to make the capital deposit account.
• Put in the share capital that was decided for the company.
• Get the bank certificate so you have proof of deposit.

You will also need certain documents, such as the manager’s agreement and his signed specimen, for your registration. These must be signed and certified by a public notary. This step makes sure that the signatures are real before they get sent in to the Commercial Register.

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Registering with the Bulgarian Commercial Register

After you have all your papers done and notarized, and you put your capital in the bank, you can do the last step. Now, you are ready for company registration. You need to take all the required documents and send them to the commercial register in Bulgaria. The Registry Agency is the one in charge of this process. You can give your documents in person, send them online with an electronic signature, or let a lawyer handle it for you with a power of attorney.

To register with the Bulgarian commercial register, you have to include:

• the application form
• the notarized articles of association
• a certificate from the bank that shows you have put the needed capital in
• a paper that shows the manager says yes to the job
• proof that you paid the state fees
• if someone else is representing you, the notarized power of attorney for them

It usually takes just a few business days for the Registry Agency to handle your application. After they say yes, your company is officially in the register and gets its Unique Identification Code (UIC). Now, the company can start doing business activities. The whole company registration process in Bulgaria is simple and does not take much time.

Taxes, Costs

Once your company is up and going, you need to look at your financial tasks. How does the tax system in Bulgaria impact businesses from outside the country? The tax rate there is easy to follow. Bulgaria uses a flat corporate tax rate. This makes money matters simple for many companies. It is important to know about these rules so you stay on the right side of the law.

Besides paying corporate income tax, you also need to think about VAT, dividend tax, and the tax for your employees’ personal income. You will need to keep good accounting records and send in your annual financial statements, too. Let’s look at the taxes and other costs you will face.

Corporate Tax Rates, VAT, and Dividend Tax in Bulgaria

Bulgaria’s tax system is a major attraction for foreign businesses. The cornerstone is the 10% flat corporate tax rate on profits, one of the lowest in the EU. This simple tax rate applies to all companies, making financial forecasting easy. Similarly, the personal income tax is also a flat 10%, simplifying payroll calculations.

When profits are distributed to shareholders, a dividend tax is applied. The rate is just 5% for dividends paid to individuals and non-resident companies. For dividends paid to resident companies, there is no tax. All taxes are managed and collected by the National Revenue Agency.

Here’s a quick summary of the main tax rates:

Tax Type	Rate	Notes
Corporate Income Tax	10%	A flat rate on annual profits.
Value Added Tax (VAT)	20%	Standard rate; 9% for specific services.
Dividend Tax	5%	For dividends paid to individuals.
Personal Income Tax	10%	A flat rate on employee salaries.

This clear and low-tax structure significantly reduces the financial burden on businesses operating in Bulgaria.

Mandatory Fees, Accounting, and Post-registration Tasks

When you do business in Bulgaria, you will pay more than just taxes. After you register your company, there are more things you must do. The company has to keep good accounting records based on Bulgarian standards. You need to track all money coming in and going out. You also need to keep count of your company’s assets.

Every year after the fiscal year ends, you have to make annual financial statements. You must also give these statements to the Commercial Register. Most companies get a local accountant to help with this, because they know the rules and can make sure there are no problems. There will be some fees you have to pay to do this. You may also have to sign up for VAT with the National Revenue Agency if you make more than the set limit.

Key things to do after you register the company:

• Hire a certified accountant for keeping your books and following company rules.
• File annual financial statements before the deadline set by law.
• Register for VAT if your total sales are above 100,000 BGN a year.

You have to do these things to keep your company in good shape and to avoid any fines.

Navigating Permits, Licenses, and Local Regulations

When you do company registration, you must follow the same steps as everyone. But some business activities need special approval. Depending on your field, you may need to get certain permits or licenses before you can start working. This is normal for the industries where rules are tight. It helps keep things safe and protects customers.

How do you get a business license in Bulgaria? The steps are not the same for every sector. Bulgarian law makes these things clear. Still, you might need to talk to different government offices. In the next sections, you will read about licensing for each type of business and other rules like how to get a business address.

Sector-Specific Licensing Requirements

Not every business activity needs a special permit, but many will need one. There are certain fields, like finance, transportation, construction, pharmaceuticals, and tourism, that have their own rules. If your business is in one of these, you have to get the right license from the official government organization for your area.

You might be asked to fill out an application. The information the organization needs depends on the business activity. You will likely give details to them about your business, list out staff qualifications, and share proof that you meet industry standards. For example, a travel agency will get a tour operator license. A construction company must show permits for building. If you are sharing sensitive information during this process, make sure to use secure websites.

Some of the business areas that need special licenses are:

• Financial services (banking, insurance)
• Transportation and logistics
• Pharmaceuticals and healthcare
• Gambling and gaming

It is very important for you to check if your business activities need a license. If you do not, you can get in trouble with the law and your work can be held up.

Business Address, Virtual Office, and Residency Matters

Every Bulgarian company needs to have a legal address in the country. This address will get listed in the Commercial Register and will be used for all official mail. A lot of startups and foreign owners may find that getting a physical office right away is not practical. This is where a virtual office can help.

A virtual office gives you a good address and lets someone handle your mail, but you do not have to pay for an actual office space. What does a business in Bulgaria need for a legal address or virtual office? You only need to sign a service deal with a provider. This lets you use their place as your address for the Commercial Register. This is very common and is fully legal.

If you are wondering about living in Bulgaria, directors and owners do not need to live there. You do not have to be a Bulgarian resident. Still, if you are not from the EU, you will need to get the right papers if you want to run the business from inside Bulgaria. EU citizens can live and work in Bulgaria as they wish. To manage your company well, you will also need a local bank account to handle daily business.

Hiring Employees and Labor Law Insights

As your business gets bigger, you may need to hire people who live nearby. So, how simple is it for a foreign company to hire workers in Bulgaria? The hiring process is easy because the country has clear labor laws. There are many skilled people who know more than one language, especially in Sofia.

The main thing to do when you hire is to make work contracts that follow the rules, and then sign them up with the National Revenue Agency. You also need to take care of paychecks. This means holding back income tax and making social security contributions for your employees. Next, we will talk more about the rules for hiring in Bulgaria.

Employment Contracts and Social Security in Bulgaria

When you hire someone in Bulgaria, you need to give them a job contract in writing. This contract must be in Bulgarian. It should include the job title, the work they will do, their pay, work hours, and how much leave they can take. You have to register all job contracts with the National Revenue Agency within three days after both sides sign them.

How does social security work for employees in Bulgaria? Both the employer and the employee must pay social security contributions. These payments go toward things like pensions, health insurance, and money for when people lose their jobs. The employer is the one who takes out the employee’s part from their pay and sends the full amount to the right place.

The total for social security contributions is worked out as a percent of the worker’s gross pay. The employer pays more of this percent than the employee does. These rules, along with the Personal Income Tax Act, help keep workers protected. They also make sure the social welfare system and personal income tax rules are followed so everything for personal income is on track.

Payroll, Workplace Compliance, and Labor Market Trends

Managing payroll in Bulgaria must be done with care. Every month, you need to figure out and take income tax at a flat rate of 10%, along with taking out social security contributions from each worker’s salary. After that, you must pay these amounts to the National Revenue Agency by the 25th of the next month.

What are the rules for payroll and staying in line at work in Bulgaria? Besides handling payroll, you need to follow rules for health and safety, working hours, and anti-discrimination. You should always keep good records of all things at work because this can be needed for your annual financial statements or if there is an audit.

There is now a big need for skilled people, mostly in IT and engineering jobs. The main things to watch out for when it comes to compliance are:

• Registering all work contracts with the tax authorities.
• Making sure you pay all salaries and social security when they are due.
• Following standards for health and safety at work.

Many companies decide to let local experts handle their payroll and HR work. This helps them meet all the rules on time.

Opportunities in Bulgaria’s Growing Sectors

Bulgaria’s economy is not only strong but also growing fast. Many parts of the economy are picking up speed. This is good news for small businesses and startups who want to find their place. The technology sector is seeing a big boost now. There is a lot of focus on software development and artificial intelligence.

Which parts of the Bulgarian economy have the best business opportunities? Other than technology, old industries like manufacturing, farming, and tourism are also doing well. These areas are getting new ideas and more money. In the next sections, you will see the best places for business people to grow their work in 2026.

Technology and Innovation Startups

Bulgaria is now a lively place for technology and new ideas in Southeast Europe. There are many skilled IT people in the country. At the same time, it does not cost much to run a business here. This mix helps create the right setup for startups. Sofia, the capital, has many co-working spaces, incubators, and funds that help new tech companies.

What parts of business have the most room to grow in Bulgaria? Artificial intelligence is doing very well right now. Many businesses here are building new solutions for customers all around the world. There is also quick growth in fintech, software as a service (SaaS), and game making. The government, along with some EU programs, give a lot of support for these new ideas.

Key chances for work in tech include:

• Software building and IT outsourcing.
• Artificial intelligence and machine learning solutions.
• Fintech and cybersecurity startups.

Using best practices in project management and making good use of the local skilled workers can help your tech business do well in this fast-growing market.

Manufacturing, Agriculture, and Tourism

The tech sector gets a lot of talk, but Bulgaria’s older industries are still the base of the economy. They offer good business options, too. The manufacturing sector does well because the country is in a good spot, there are many skilled workers, and making things costs less. It works best in things like car parts, machines, and making clothes.

Farming has been the heart of Bulgaria’s economy for a long time. There are more chances now in growing organic foods, making wine, and planting crops that make good money like lavender and roses. Bulgaria is one of the top countries in the world for these. Doing some thorough market research can help you find the best parts to get into in this field.

Which areas in Bulgaria are best for business? Tourism is one more important industry. People visit for the lovely Black Sea coast, ski spots, and the country’s history. There is a lot of business room in these things:

• Making more eco-tourism and places for wellness.
• Bringing hotels and places to eat up to date.
• Special manufacturing for export into the EU market.

These fields make a strong base for investment, and the way to making good money is clear.

Practical Tips for U.S. Small Businesses Entering Bulgaria

For people in the United States who want to start a business in Bulgaria, you need to do more than get your legal and money matters in order. It is also important to know local customs and build good ties with the people there. You need a wise business plan where you do some real research and also meet people in person.

What are some best practices for U.S. businesses that want to work in Bulgaria? It is key to learn about the small ways people do business there and to get to know strong local work groups. Groups like the American Chamber of Commerce in Bulgaria or the Bulgarian Industrial Association can give you a lot of help. If you use these ideas, you will be ready to handle the people side of business too.

Language, Cultural Aspects, and Professional Services

When you do business in Bulgaria, you should know about both the language and culture. Many people in business and tech speak English well. Still, if you try to learn some simple Bulgarian words, people will be happy. The main language in Bulgaria is Bulgarian, and it is written using the Cyrillic alphabet.

It is also important to understand the ways people interact. In Bulgaria, building close personal bonds is a big deal in business. Take your time to get to know others and build trust. Being on time is very important. Meetings at work in Bulgaria are often more formal than what you find in the U.S. You should make an effort to connect with others who live and work there. Joining local networks will help you learn things that just doing market research cannot show you.

Getting help from professionals makes things easier. Here are some things you can do:

• Hire a local lawyer for company formation and advice on the law.
• Use an accounting firm to handle tax compliance and payroll.
• Find local consultants to get market entry strategies.

These experts will help you get around Bulgaria’s business world in a good way. They can also help you stay away from mistakes people often make. If you mix their advice with thorough market research, you will have a better chance at success.

Managing Risks and Leveraging Local Networks

To lower risks and build a good network in Bulgaria, you need to be proactive. One big risk is dealing with government paperwork. While things have gotten better, it can still slow you down. It helps to have someone local on your team. They can walk you through the rules and clear up any problems. Always use secure websites when you share information or do any business with an official government organization.

Having a strong local network is one of the best things for handling risks and finding new chances. You can join business groups like the American Chamber of Commerce in Bulgaria. Go to trade shows and meet with other business owners. These people can give you helpful advice and maybe become partners. This support makes a big difference, especially if you are new.

Here are some smart ways to handle risks:

• Always do your homework on possible partners.
• Keep up with new rules and laws.
• Build a team of good local advisors you can trust.

By following these steps, you can set up your business in Bulgaria the right way and make it strong.

Conclusion

To sum up, Bulgaria is a good place for small businesses that want to grow in 2026. The country is in a smart spot in the EU. It also gives strong benefits to foreign investors. There are many chances for people to work in different fields. This gives you room to grow your business.

If you know the basic laws, types of businesses, and what rules to follow, you can move ahead without trouble. This helps set your business up for good results. There are options for you in technology, making products, tourism, and more. Bulgaria’s market is new and still growing. There are a lot of things you can do here.

If you want to know how to use these chances, reach out and get help that is made for what you need in business.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can foreigners own 100% of a business in Bulgaria?

Yes, you can. Bulgarian law lets foreign entrepreneurs own 100% of a Bulgarian company. You do not need a local partner. This means you can have full control of your business. This is true for many types of business. It also helps protect your personal assets. You can do this by setting up an LLC.

What are the usual timeframes and costs for company formation?

Starting a company does not take much time. Once you have all the needed papers, company registration in the commercial register will be done in just a few business days. The fees you have to pay, like state and notary costs, are not high. The biggest cost right at the start is usually for legal help. This helps make your company formation smooth.

Which sectors hold the greatest business potential in Bulgaria?

Recent market research shows that the best areas to invest in are technology, mainly software and artificial intelligence. At the same time, older fields like manufacturing, farming (mostly organic products), and tourism still hold a lot of promise for new investors who want to get into the Bulgarian market.